To answer your last question first : two sites you'll find useful are :
a) The site of the
IATEFL Teacher Training Special Interest Group The link takes you to the homepage, and from there you can get to articles and other info.
b) the site of
The Teacher Trainer magazine. This link takes you to their archive of free articles.
I don't have time at the moment to answer all your more specific questions, but I'll come back later.