 Re: Difference between: has made and had made???
Present and past. Think of the name of the verbs - present perfect and past perfect. And think of "perfect" as meaning "already completed/happened". ie before a certain moment in time, or refererence point. The reference point for the present perfect is now - the present moment. The reference point for the past perfect is some time in the past and will be determined in the co-text or context.
He has made twelve films : ie up to now.
He had made twelve films by 1998/by the time he was 30 : the reference point 1998/when he was 30) is stated in the co-text.
Hope that answers your question? |